Population Council Research that makes a difference

Studies in Family Planning

December 2011, Vol. 42, No. 4

Articles

• Estimating Obstetric Mortality from Pregnancy-Related Deaths Recorded in Demographic Censuses and Surveys / Michel Garenne
  
  Demographic surveys and censuses often record pregnancy-related deaths, defined as those occurring during the maternal risk period (pregnancy, delivery, and six weeks postpartum), but do not include cause of death. This study presents a method for estimating obstetric mortality from pregnancy-related deaths data. Calculations are based on multiple-decrement life tables, and data needed are simply age-specific fertility and mortality rates that are commonly available in Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) or census data, and an estimate of the relative risk of death from nonobstetric causes during the maternal risk period. The method is tested on 59 DHS surveys from Africa. Results show that, on average, less than half of the pregnancy-related deaths are attributable to obstetric causes. This proportion varies with the level of mortality and fertility, and in particular with the prevalence of HIV in the population. (Studies in Family Planning 2011; 42[4]: 237–246) (offsite link*)

• Measuring the Effect of Fertility Decline on the Maternal Mortality Ratio / Anrudh K. Jain
  
  This article proposes a simple method to decompose the overall decline in the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) observed between 1990 and 2008 into two components: decline attributable to fertility decline and decline attributable to safe motherhood programs. This method—illustrated here for three South Asian countries (India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh)—is aimed at helping to properly assess the impact of safe motherhood initiatives on the MMR. The methodology is also applied to estimate the 2015 MMR level implied by low, medium, and high variants of fertility decline assumed by the United Nations, and thus to assess the contribution of future fertility decline in these countries to the achievement of MDG 5 by 2015. The results show that fertility decline in these countries between 1990 and 2008 has made a substantial contribution to the reduction of the MMR and that continued fertility decline between 2008 and 2015 will contribute to the achievement of MDG 5. (Studies in Family Planning 2011; 42[4]: 247–260) (offsite link*)

• Perceptions and Practices of Illegal Abortion among Urban Young Adults in the Philippines: A Qualitative Study / Jessica D. Gipson, Alanna E. Hirz, and Josephine L. Avila
  
  This study draws on in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with young adults in a metropolitan area of the Philippines to examine perceptions and practices of illegal abortion. Study participants indicated that unintended pregnancies are common and may be resolved through eventual acceptance or through self-induced injury or ingestion of substances to terminate the pregnancy. Despite the illegality of abortion and the restricted status of misoprostol, substantial knowledge and use of the drug exists. Discussions mirrored broader controversies associated with abortion in this setting. Abortion was generally thought to invoke gaba (bad karma), yet some noted its acceptability under certain circumstances. This study elucidates the complexities of pregnancy decisionmaking in this restrictive environment and the need for comprehensive and confidential reproductive health services for Filipino young adults. (Studies in Family Planning 2011; 42[4]: 261–272) (offsite link*)

• Is Women's Self-Efficacy in Negotiating Sexual Decisionmaking Associated with Condom Use in Marital Relationships in Vietnam? / Mai Do and Hongyun Fu
  
  Traditional Vietnamese culture places women in a subordinate position, rendering them disadvantaged in the negotiation of sexual and contraceptive decisionmaking. Drawing on data from 4,632 married women surveyed in the 2005 Vietnam Population and AIDS Indicator Survey, this study examines the relationship between women's sociodemographic characteristics, their self-efficacy in negotiating sexual activity and condom use, and their consistency and recency of condom use. Results from our structural equation models indicate that women's self-efficacy is significantly correlated with both condom use at last sex and consistent condom use in the past 12 months. Knowledge that condom use can prevent HIV also strongly predicts consistent use. Having a son is related to women's self-efficacy but not to condom use outcomes. This study suggests that the availability of condoms for disease prevention should continue to be widely promoted, and that efforts should be made to assist women in asserting their need for protection from HIV infection. (Studies in Family Planning 2011; 42[4]: 273–282) (offsite link*)

• Changes in Contraceptive Use Following Integration of Family Planning into ART Services in Cross River State, Nigeria / Donna R. McCarraher, Gwyneth Vance, Usman Gwarzo, Douglas Taylor, and Otto Nzapfurundi Chabikuli
  
  One strategy for meeting the contraceptive needs of HIV-positive women is to integrate family planning into HIV services. In 2008 in Cross River State, Nigeria, family planning was integrated into antiretroviral (ART) services in five local government areas. A basic family planning/HIV integration model was implemented in three of these areas, and an enhanced model in the other two. We conducted baseline interviews in 2008 and follow-up interviews 12–14 months later with 274 female ART clients aged 18–45 in 2009 across the five areas. Unmet need for contraception was high at baseline (28–35 percent). We found that modern contraceptive use rose in the enhanced and basic groups; most of the increase was in consistent condom use. Despite an increase in family planning counseling by ART providers, referrals to family planning services for noncondom methods were low. We conclude by presenting alternative strategies for family planning/HIV integration in settings where large families and low contraceptive use are normative. (Studies in Family Planning 2011; 42[4]: 283–290) (offsite link*)
  
  

Commentary (Studies in Family Planning 2011; 42[4]: 291–298)

• Contraceptive Security: Incomplete Without Long-Acting and Permanent Methods of Family Planning / Jane Wickstrom and Roy Jacobstein (offsite link*)
  
  

Data (Studies in Family Planning 2011; 42[4]: 299–310)

• Colombia 2010: Results from the Demographic and Health Survey (offsite link*)
• Lesotho 2009: Results from the Demographic and Health Survey (offsite link*)
  

Book Reviews (Studies in Family Planning 2011; 42[4]: 311–314)

• Unnatural Selection: Choosing Boys Over Girls, and the Consequences of a World Full of Men / Mara Hvistendahl
  Reviewed by Christophe Z. Guilmoto (offsite link*)

• Reproduction, Globalization, and the State: New Theoretical and Ethnographic Perspectives / Carole H. Browner and Carolyn F. Sargent (eds.)
  Reviewed by Vania Smith-Oka (offsite link*)
  

* Journal subscribers will be able to access a PDF of the article online; nonsubscribers will be given access after paying a fee.

 

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Studies in Family Planning

Cumulative Index
Volumes 22–41, 1991–2010

A cumulative index to SFP is available in a PDF file. The PDF file includes a list of contents by author and subject.

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To search contents of previous volumes, visit Wiley-Blackwell (volumes 30–41, 1999–2010) or JSTOR (volumes 1–39, 1963–2008).

 

Studies in Family Planning

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Studies in Family Planning

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Studies in Family Planning
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