Population Council Research that makes a difference

Banner Photo: Girls in the princess savings program

Broadly defined, livelihoods includes the acquisition of skills to become economically productive, including financial capabilities, access to savings, access to credit, and formal-sector employment. Although programs such as microfinance schemes exist for adults, few programs address the need of adolescents to gain age- and developmentally appropriate financial skills to make a successful transition into the work world.

Population Council focus

As part of their portfolio on transitions to adulthood, Council researchers give special attention to access to livelihoods, particularly for girls, during the adolescent years and prior to marriage as an important means to greater autonomy and empowerment. In addition to considering participants’ age, sex, life-cycle stage, and other factors, Council researchers are finding social support to be an integral feature of adolescent livelihood programs; a mentoring component can multiply the economic benefits gained. Programs integrating financial skills, savings, and social support have been piloted and evaluated in Bangladesh, Egypt, Guatemala, India, Kenya, South Africa, and Vietnam.

Population Council impact

  • In South Africa, a financial education curriculum was tested with out-of-school youth; participants attained and put into practice new financial knowledge and skills. In addition, positive spillover effects were observed among family members of participants. The Council currently is collaborating with the KwaZulu-Natal Department of Education and the Isihlangu Health and Development Agency (IHDA) to test the impact of a similar curriculum, "Siyakha Nentsha," with secondary school students.
  • The Council’s work in Bangladesh demonstrated that participation in a livelihoods, savings, and credit program ("Kishori Abhijan") increased the number of girls working for cash and supplemented the amount of income they earned. Furthermore, the project demonstrated that working for cash did not lead girls to drop out of school.

Future directions

With the guidance of the Council and IHDA, the KwaZulu-Natal Department of Education now has plans in place to introduce the “Siyakha Nentsha” curriculum to additional schools in the Durban metro area starting during the 2010 school year.

Biruh Tesfa: Safe Spaces for Out-of-school Girls in Urban Slum Areas of Ethiopia (more)
Biruh Tesfa seeks to protect the rights of vulnerable urban girls by reducing their social isolation and providing them with health information, including HIV prevention, and services to address sexual exploitation and abuse.
(1/2007 - ongoing)
Ethiopia

Creating Opportunities for Mayan Girls and Young Women (more)
This national program is providing the most vulnerable indigenous Mayan girls and young women in Guatemala with personal and professional development skills, mentorship, and leadership opportunities.
(6/2002 - ongoing)
Guatemala

Developing Capacity for Targeted, Evidence-based Programming and Asset Building for Adolescent Girls (more)
The Council is helping to build the capacity of NGOs, UN country teams, and government agencies to develop effective health, social, and economic asset-building programs for adolescent girls.
(1/2008 - ongoing)
Global, Kenya, Liberia

Enhancing the Economic, Health, and Social Capabilities of Highly Vulnerable Youth (more)
"Siyakha Nentsha” (isiZulu for “building with young people”) is responding to the unmet needs of young people in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, and mitigating their daily economic, social ,and health challenges.
(11/2007 - ongoing)
South Africa

Schooling, Livelihoods, and Marriage (more)
This project studies the impact of two large-scale interventions, a secondary school scholarship scheme and a pilot scheme to impart livelihood skills to adolescent girls, both designed to improve girls’ opportunities and delay marriage.
(1/1997 - ongoing)
Bangladesh

Survey of Young People in Egypt (more)
Council researchers are undertaking a nationally representative survey covering 15,000 young people in Egypt aged 10–29 to update the state of knowledge on youth and adolescents in Egypt on issues of health, education, employment, family formation and civic participation.
(3/2008 - ongoing)
Egypt

Reducing HIV Among At-risk Wives in India (RHANI Wives Project) (more)
Council researchers are developing an intervention exclusively for married Indian women to build their negotiation skills with husbands who practice high-risk behaviors.
(4/2009 - 6/2011)
India

Safe and Smart Savings Products for Vulnerable Adolescent Girls in Kenya and Uganda (more)
Working with financial institutions and girls’ programs in Kenya and Uganda, Council researchers are developing appropriate ways for adolescent girls to save money.
(6/2008 - 5/2011)
Kenya, Uganda

Adolescent Safe Spaces, Health, and Skills for Adulthood in Urban Ghana (more)
This safe spaces program provides 12–15-year-old urban adolescent females in Ghana with social, economic, and health assets.
(1/2009 - 3/2011)
Ghana

Promoting Financial Education Through Mentoring Relationships (more)
Council researchers have been testing a new personal financial education curriculum through mentoring relationships against a more conventional teaching method for adolescents in Bangladesh.
(9/2009 - 8/2010)
Bangladesh

Gender and Work in the Middle East and North Africa: Research Capacity-building Activities (more)
The Population Council is providing young researchers with mentoring and research peer review so that they may pursue high-quality research in the area of gender and work.
(1/2008 - 1/2010)
Egypt, Jordan, Middle East, Morocco, Sudan

Poverty, Job Quality, and Labor Market Dynamics in the Middle East and North Africa (more)
Council researchers are investigating poverty, job quality, and labor market dynamics in the Middle East and North Africa.
(8/2007 - 7/2009)
Egypt, Jordan, Morocco

Technical Guidance to Strengthen the GOAL Program (more)
The Population Council is working with a community initiative in India that uses sports and education to empower young women to strengthen its content, design, and measurement framework.
(1/2009 - 7/2009)
India

Building Programs for Adolescents in Kibera, Nairobi (more)
Council researchers are broadening understanding of the adolescent experience in slum areas of Nairobi, Kenya, and developing context-appropriate programs for them.
(6/2006 - 5/2009)
Kenya

Findings from Recent and Ongoing Youth and Family Studies in Vietnam (more)
Council researchers conducted a large-scale adolescent survey and an in-depth study of four rural communes in Vietnam to explore how patterns of transitions to adulthood, particularly decisions about schooling, marriage, and work, are affected by rapidly changing opportunity structures associated with economic opening or “doi moi.”
(1/1999 - 12/2008)
Vietnam

Leave No Women Behind: A Program to Support Adolescent Girls and Women in Rural Amhara Region, Ethiopia (more)
In Ethiopia, Council researchers have designed a project that empowers adolescent girls and women by addressing their education, reproductive health, and livelihood needs.
(1/2006 - 12/2008)
Ethiopia

The Social Context of Youth Employment: A Qualitative Study of Workforce Entry and Exit (more)
Council researchers are performing a qualitative study of young people’s workforce participation in Egypt.
(3/2005 - 3/2007)
Egypt

Intra-household Resource Allocation in Egypt: Women's Empowerment and Investment in Children (more)
The Council studied intra-household decision-making, women's status, and child investment in Egypt.
(2/2006 - 1/2007)
Egypt

Biruh Tesfa ('Bright Future') program provides domestic workers, orphans and migrants in urban Ethiopia with social support, HIV education and skills (PDF
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Semunegus,Belaynesh; Mekonnen,Gebeyehu
program brief
Publication date: 2010


Survey of young people in Egypt: Preliminary report (PDF
Publication date: 2010


Adolescent girls programming and capacity-building workshop, Nairobi, Kenya, November 10-14, 2008: Workshop report (PDF
Publication date: 2009


Broadening girls' horizons: Effects of life skills education programme in rural Uttar Pradesh (PDF
Acharya,Rajib; Kalyanwala,Shveta; Jejeebhoy,Shireen J.; Nathani,Vinita
Publication date: 2009


Case study of an asset-building program for adolescent girls: Biruh Tesfa ('Bright Future')-A program to support migrant girls in urban slum areas of Ethiopia (PDF
presentation at Economic Empowerment of Adolescent Girls Project: Institutional Strengthening Workshop, Monrovia, 13-15 July
Bruce,Judith
Publication date: 2009


Financial education for adolescent girls (PDF
presentation at Economic Empowerment of Adolescent Girls Project: Institutional Strengthening Workshop, Monrovia, 13-15 July
Publication date: 2009


For Mayan girls, leadership skills and participation in a national network lead to social, economic, and political gains (PDF
Catino,Jennifer; Ruiz,Marta Julia; Hallman,Kelly; Roca,Eva; Weiner,Adam; Colom,Alejandra; Contreras Aprile,Sandra
Promoting Healthy, Safe, and Productive Transitions to Adulthood Brief (no. 5)
Publication date: 2009


Fostering an evidence-based, collaborative country response to the problems facing adolescents, especially girls: An update (PDF
presentation at Economic Empowerment of Adolescent Girls Project: Institutional Strengthening Workshop, Monrovia, 13-15 July
Bruce,Judith
Publication date: 2009


Integrating financial education and savings opportunities into health interventions for adolescent girls in the Kibera slum of Nairobi, Kenya (PDF
in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Urban Health, Nairobi, 18-23 October
Austrian,Karen; Ngurukie,Corrinne; Sakwa,Caroline
Publication date: 2009


Overview of girls in Liberia: Finding and planning for 'your girls' (PDF
presentation at Economic Empowerment of Adolescent Girls Project: Institutional Strengthening Workshop, Monrovia, 13-15 July
Bruce,Judith
Publication date: 2009


Preparing communities, families, partners, and peers to support girls in accessing new opportunities (PDF
presentation at Economic Empowerment of Adolescent Girls Project: Institutional Strengthening Workshop, Monrovia, 13-15 July
Bruce,Judith
Publication date: 2009


Princess Savings Account frequently asked questions (PDF
Publication date: 2009


Safe and smart savings products for vulnerable adolescent girls in Kenya and Uganda (PDF
Austrian,Karen; Ngurukie,Corrinne
Youth-Inclusive Financial Services Case Study (no. 3)
Publication date: 2009


Social exclusion and early or unwanted sexual initiation among poor urban females in Ethiopia (abstract
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Ferede,Abebaw
International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 35(4): 186-193
Publication date: 2009


Enhancing the benefits of girls' livelihood initiatives (PDF
Amin,Sajeda
Promoting Healthy, Safe, and Productive Transitions to Adulthood Brief (no. 17)
Publication date: 2008


Mejorar los beneficios de las iniciativas de medios de vida para niñas [Enhancing the benefits of girls' livelihood initiatives] (PDF
Amin,Sajeda
Promoción de transiciones a la vida adulta sanas, seguras y productivas Resumen (N 17 (Actualización enero de 2008))
Publication date: 2008


Melhorar os benefícios de iniciativas de meios de vida para raparigas [Enhancing the benefits of girls' livelihood initiatives] (PDF
Amin,Sajeda
Promover transições para a idade adulta saudáveis, seguras e produtivas Sumário (N 17)
Publication date: 2008


Renforcer les avantages des initiatives pour le développement des compétences des filles [Enhancing the benefits of girls' livelihood initiatives] (PDF
Amin,Sajeda
Promouvoir la santé, la sécurité et la productivité transitions vers l'âge adulte Document (N 17)
Publication date: 2008


Selective inclusion or active discrimination? Women and the labour market in Bangladesh 
Amin,Sajeda
from Emerging Issues in Bangladesh Economy: A Review of Bangladesh's Development 2005-06, pp. 305-322
Publication date: 2008


Adolescence in the Kibera slums of Nairobi, Kenya (PDF
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Matheka,James K.
Publication date: 2007


Adolescent girls' social support and livelihood program design workshop: Summary (PDF
report of a workshop sponsored by the Population Council and University of California/San Francisco, Nairobi, Kenya, 22-23 March 2006
Publication date: 2007


Améliorer les compétences financières, la sensibilisation sur le VIH/SIDA et les espaces sociaux sûrs parmi la jeunesse vulnérable d'Afrique du Sud (PDF
Hallman,Kelly; Govender,Kasthuri; Roca,Eva; Pattman,Rob; Mbatha,Emmanuel; Bhana,Deevia
Promouvoir la santé, la sécurité et la productivité transitions vers l'âge adulte Document (n 4 (mis à jour en Septembre 2007))
Publication date: 2007


Bringing new opportunities to adolescent girls in socially conservative settings: The Ishraq program in rural Upper Egypt (PDF
Brady,Martha; Salem,Abeer; Zibani,Nadia
Promoting Healthy, Safe, and Productive Transitions to Adulthood Brief (no. 12)
Publication date: 2007


Building the social, economic, and health capabilities of highly vulnerable youth (PDF
presentation at Youth Microenterprise Conference, Washington DC, 10 September
Hallman,Kelly
Publication date: 2007


Collecting gender-disaggregated asset data in household surveys in developing countries (PDF
presentation at the Measuring Women's Assets Workshop, World Bank, 13 March
Hallman,Kelly; Quisumbing,Agnes R.
Publication date: 2007


Empowering adolescent girls in rural Bangladesh: Kishori Abhijan (PDF
Amin,Sajeda
Promoting Healthy, Safe, and Productive Transitions to Adulthood Brief (no. 13)
Publication date: 2007


Enhancing financial literacy, HIV/AIDS skills, and safe social spaces among vulnerable South African youth (PDF
Hallman,Kelly; Govender,Kasthuri; Roca,Eva; Pattman,Rob; Mbatha,Emmanuel; Bhana,Deevia
Promoting Healthy, Safe, and Productive Transitions to Adulthood Brief (no. 4)
Publication date: 2007


Influencing girls' lives: Acceptability and effectiveness of a livelihoods skill building intervention in Gujarat (PDF
Kalyanwala,Shveta
Promoting Healthy, Safe, and Productive Transitions to Adulthood Brief (no. 18)
Publication date: 2007


Introducing adolescent livelihoods training in the slums of Allahabad, India (PDF
Grant,Monica J.; Mensch,Barbara S.; Sebastian,Mary Philip
Promoting Healthy, Safe, and Productive Transitions to Adulthood Brief (no. 2)
Publication date: 2007


Leave no woman behind, Ethiopia: Baseline report (PDF
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Mekbib,Tekle-Ab; Amdemikael,Helen; Conille,Garry
Publication date: 2007


Maquiladoras and market mamas: Women's work and childcare in Guatemala City and Accra (abstract
Quisumbing,Agnes R.; Hallman,Kelly; Ruel,Marie T.
Journal of Development Studies 43(3): 420-455
Publication date: 2007


Para las jóvenes mayas, los espacios seguros conducen a triunfos sociales [For Mayan girls, safe spaces lead to social gains] (PDF
Hallman,Kelly; Roca,Eva; Ruiz,Marta Julia; Catino,Jennifer; Colom,Alejandra; Contreras Aprile,Sandra
Promoción de transiciones a la vida adulta sanas, seguras y productivas Resumen (N 5 (Actualización septiembre de 2007))
Publication date: 2007


The girls left behind: Outside the box and out of reach (HTML
Bruce,Judith
Global AIDSLink 101
Publication date: 2007


Differential use of adolescent reproductive health programs in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (abstract
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Mekbib,Tekle-Ab; Simie,Negussie; Gulema,Tsehai
Journal of Adolescent Health 38(3): 253-260
Publication date: 2006


Influencing girls' lives: Acceptability and effectiveness of a livelihoods skill building intervention in Gujarat (PDF
SEWA; SEWA Academy; Kalyanwala,Shveta; Acharya,Rajib; Deshpande,Sunetra
Publication date: 2006


Influencing girls' lives: Acceptability and effectiveness of a livelihoods skill building intervention in Gujarat (PDF
Update, (October)
Publication date: 2006


Integrating adolescent livelihood activities within a reproductive health programme for urban slum dwellers in India (PDF
Update, (October)
Publication date: 2006


Measuring women's work: A methodological exploration (PDF
Langsten,Ray; Salem,Rania
Working Paper
Publication date: 2006


Note from the field: Improving programs to support most vulnerable youth (PDF
Publication date: 2006


Spending, saving and borrowing: Perceptions and experiences of girls in Gujarat (PDF
Update, (October)
Publication date: 2006


Spending, saving and borrowing: Perceptions and experiences of girls in Gujarat (PDF
Kalyanwala,Shveta; Sebstad,Jennefer
Publication date: 2006


Tap and Reposition Youth (TRY) Program: Providing social support, savings, and microcredit opportunities to adolescent girls at risk for HIV/AIDS in Kenya (PDF
Hall,Joan; Dondo,Aleke; Sebstad,Jennefer
Microfinance Brief
Publication date: 2006


Tap and Reposition Youth (TRY): Providing social support, savings, and microcredit opportunities for young women in areas with high HIV prevalence (PDF
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Bruce,Judith; Chong,Erica; Dondo,Aleke; Sebstad,Jennefer; Matheka,James K.; Khan,Arjmand Banu; Gathuku,Anne
Promoting Healthy, Safe, and Productive Transitions to Adulthood Brief (no. 15)
Publication date: 2006


Tap and Reposition Youth (TRY): Providing social support, savings, and microcredit opportunities for young women in areas with high HIV prevalence (PDF
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Bruce,Judith; Dondo,Aleke; Sebstad,Jennefer; Matheka,James K.; Khan,Arjmand Banu; Gathuku,Anne
SEEDS (no. 23)
Publication date: 2006


The girls left behind: The failed reach of current schooling, child health, youth-serving, and livelihoods programs for girls living in the path of HIV 
Bruce,Judith; Haberland,Nicole; Chong,Erica; Grant,Monica J.; Joyce,Amy
policy paper
Publication date: 2006


The Guatemala Community Day Care Program: An example of effective urban programming (PDF
Ruel,Marie T.; Quisumbing,Agnes R.; Hallman,Kelly; de la Briere,Benedicte; Coj de Salazar,Nora
IFPRI Research Report no. 144
Publication date: 2006


The implications of trade liberalization for working women's marriage: Case studies of Bangladesh, Egypt and Vietnam 
Amin,Sajeda; Grown,Caren; Braunstein,Elissa; Malhotra,Anju
from Trading Women's Health & Rights? Trade Liberalization and Reproductive Health in Developing Countries, pp. 97-120
Publication date: 2006


Who gets credit? The gendered division of microfinance programs in Egypt (abstract
Barsoum,Ghada
Canadian Journal of Development Studies 27(1): 51-64
Publication date: 2006


Building assets for safe, productive lives: A report on a workshop on adolescent girls' livelihoods, 7-8 April 2004 (PDF
Publication date: 2005


Can livelihoods training alter girls' lives? (PDF
Population Briefs 11(3)
Publication date: 2005


Evaluation of a savings and micro-credit program for vulnerable young women in Nairobi (PDF
Erulkar,Annabel S.; Chong,Erica
Publication date: 2005


India: Enhancing girls' life skills requires long-term commitment (PDF
FRONTIERS OR Summary (no. 53)
Publication date: 2005


Marriage in transition: Evidence on age, education, and assets from six developing countries 
Quisumbing,Agnes R.; Hallman,Kelly; Lloyd,Cynthia B.; Behrman,Jere R.; Stromquist,Nelly P.; Cohen,Barney
from The Changing Transitions to Adulthood in Developing Countries: Selected Studies, pp. 200-269
Publication date: 2005


Microcredit and households coping with HIV/AIDS: A case study from Zimbabwe (abstract
Barnes,Carolyn
Journal of Microfinance 7(1): 55-77
Publication date: 2005


Mothers' work and child care: Findings from the urban slums of Guatemala (abstract
Hallman,Kelly; Quisumbing,Agnes R.; Ruel,Marie T.; de la Briere,Benedicte
Economic Development and Cultural Change 53(4): 855-886
Publication date: 2005


The Changing Transitions to Adulthood in Developing Countries: Selected Studies (PDF) (HTML
National Research Council; Lloyd,Cynthia B.; Behrman,Jere R.; Stromquist,Nelly P.; Cohen,Barney
Publication date: 2005


Women's participation in disaster relief and recovery (PDF
Yonder,Ayse; Akcar,Sengul; Gopalan,Prema; Schilen,Sandy
SEEDS (no. 22)
Publication date: 2005


Education, wage work, and marriage: Perspectives of Egyptian working women (abstract
Amin,Sajeda; Al-Bassusi,Nagah H.
Journal of Marriage and Family 66(5): 1287-1299
Publication date: 2004


Integrating adolescent livelihood activities within a reproductive health program for urban slum dwellers in India (PDF
Huntington,Dale; Sebastian,Mary Philip; Mensch,Barbara S.; Clark,Wesley H.; Narain Singh,Aditya; Roychowdhury,Sohini; Khan,M.E.; Selvam,Nirmala; Patel,Bella C.; Barge,Sandhya; Gupta,Y.P.; Johri,Lovleen; Biswas,Gita; Shenoy,Manohar
FRONTIERS Final Report
Publication date: 2004


Integrating adolescent livelihood activities within a reproductive health programme for urban slum dwellers in India (PDF
Sebastian,Mary Philip; Grant,Monica J.; Mensch,Barbara S.
final report
Publication date: 2004


Intrahousehold resource allocation in Egypt: Does women's empowerment lead to greater investments in children? 
Roushdy,Rania
Economic Research Forum (ERF) Working Paper (no. 200410)
Publication date: 2004


Moyens de subsistance des adolescentes. Questions primordiales et outils essentiels : Rapport d'un atelier [Adolescent Girls' Livelihoods. Essential Questions, Essential Tools: A Report on a Workshop] (PDF
Publication date: 2004


The effect of a livelihoods intervention in an urban slum in India: Do vocational counseling and training alter the attitudes and behavior of adolescent girls? (PDF
Mensch,Barbara S.; Grant,Monica J.; Sebastian,Mary Philip; Hewett,Paul C.; Huntington,Dale
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 194)
Publication date: 2004


Maquiladoras and market mamas: Women's work and childcare in Guatemala City and Accra (PDF
Quisumbing,Agnes R.; Hallman,Kelly; Ruel,Marie T.
Food Consumption and Nutrition Division Discussion Paper (no. 153)
Publication date: 2003


Adolescents and Youth in Pakistan 2001-2002: A Nationally Representative Survey (PDF
Sathar,Zeba A.; ul Haque,Minhaj; Faizunnissa,Azeema; Sultana,Munawar; Lloyd,Cynthia B.; Diers,Judith A.; Grant,Monica J.
Publication date: 2003


Building livelihood options for adolescent girls and boys in Kenya 
Khan,Arjmand Banu; Gathuku,Anne
Research Update
Publication date: 2003


Building livelihoods, skills, and opportunities for adolescent girls in Ahmedabad and Vadodara districts, Gujarat, India 
Widge,Anjali; Sebstad,Jennefer; Deshpande,Sunetra; Kalyanwala,Shveta
Research Update
Publication date: 2003


Childcare and work: Joint decisions among women in poor neighborhoods of Guatemala City (PDF
Hallman,Kelly; Quisumbing,Agnes R.; Ruel,Marie T.; de la Briere,Benedicte
Food Consumption and Nutrition Division Discussion Paper (no. 151)
Publication date: 2003


Does microcredit reach the poor and vulnerable? Evidence from northern Bangladesh (abstract
Amin,Sajeda; Ashok,S.Rai; Topa,Giorgio
Journal of Development Economics 70(1): 59-82
Publication date: 2003


Integrating adolescent livelihood activities within a reproductive health program for urban slum dwellers in India 
Sebastian,Mary Philip; Roychowdhury,Sohini; Huntington,Dale; Narain Singh,Aditya; Kalkot,Meetu; Selvam,Nirmala
FRONTIERS Trainers' Guide
Publication date: 2003


Marriage in transition: Evidence on age, education, and assets from six developing countries (PDF
Quisumbing,Agnes R.; Hallman,Kelly
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 183)
Publication date: 2003


Marriage in transition: Evidence on age, education, and assets from six developing countries [Arabic] (PDF
Quisumbing,Agnes R.; Hallman,Kelly
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 183)
Publication date: 2003


Microfinance and households coping with HIV/AIDS in Zimbabwe: An exploratory study (PDF
Barnes,Carolyn; Keogh,Erica; Nemarundwe,Nontokozo; Nyikahadzoi,Loveness; Weiss,Ellen
Horizons Final Report
Publication date: 2003


Offering adolescents safe and appropriate livelihoods and economic skills (PDF
Meyers,Carey; Sebstad,Jennefer
from Adolescent and Youth Sexual and Reproductive Health: Charting Directions for a Second Generation of Programming-Background Documents for the Meeting, pp. 177-199
Publication date: 2003


Resource allocation and empowerment of women in rural Bangladesh 
de la Briere,Benedicte; Hallman,Kelly; Quisumbing,Agnes R.
from Household Decisions, Gender, and Development: A Synthesis of Recent Research, pp. 89-94
Publication date: 2003


Wage work and marriage: Perspectives of Egyptian working women (PDF
Amin,Sajeda; Al Bassusi,Nagah Hassan
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 171)
Publication date: 2003


Wage work and marriage: Perspectives of Egyptian working women [Arabic] (PDF
Amin,Sajeda; Al Bassusi,Nagah Hassan
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 171)
Publication date: 2003


Wage work for girls and the transition to adulthood (PDF
Amin,Sajeda
from Adolescent and Youth Sexual and Reproductive Health: Charting Directions for a Second Generation of Programming-Background Documents for the Meeting, pp. 201-212
Publication date: 2003


Adolescents and youth in Pakistan 2001-2002: A nationally representative survey [Arabic] (PDF
Publication date: 2002


Are we not peasants too? Land rights and women's claims in India (PDF
Agarwal,Bina
SEEDS (no. 21)
Publication date: 2002


Baseline survey results: Integrating adolescent livelihood activities within a reproductive health program for urban slum dwellers in India (PDF
Sebastian,Mary Philip; Huntington,Dale; Clark,Wesley H.; Mensch,Barbara S.; Uttekar,Bela Patel
FRONTIERS Update (no. 2)
Publication date: 2002


Childcare, mothers' work, and earnings: Findings from the urban slums of Guatemala City (PDF
Hallman,Kelly; Quisumbing,Agnes R.; Ruel,Marie T.; de la Briere,Benedicte
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 165)
Publication date: 2002


Childcare, mothers' work, and earnings: Findings from the urban slums of Guatemala City [Arabic] (PDF
Hallman,Kelly; Quisumbing,Agnes R.; Ruel,Marie T.; de la Briere,Benedicte
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 165)
Publication date: 2002


'If many push together, it can be done': Reproductive health and women's savings and credit in Nepal 
Arens,Tom; Caudill,Denise; Gautam,Saraswati; Haberland,Nicole; Nakarmi,Gopal; Measham,Diana
from Responding to Cairo: Case Studies of Changing Practice in Reproductive Health and Family Planning, pp. 395-414
Publication date: 2002


Improving adolescents' reproductive health in Bangladesh 
Rob,Ubaidur; Bhuiya,Ismat; Rahman,Laila; Yusuf,Nazia
FRONTIERS Research Update (no. 2)
Publication date: 2002


Microfinance and households coping with HIV/AIDS in Zimbabwe: An exploratory study (PDF
Horizons Research Summary
Publication date: 2002


Midline survey results: Integrating adolescent livelihood activities within a reproductive health program for urban slum dwellers in India (PDF
Sebastian,Mary Philip; Huntington,Dale; Mensch,Barbara S.; Clark,Wesley H.; Begum,Shahina; Uttekar,Bela Patel; Roychowdhury,Sohini
FRONTIERS Update (no. 3)
Publication date: 2002


Rural adolescents in Bangladesh, 2001: A report drawn from the baseline survey for the Bangladesh adolescent girls' livelihood Kishori Abhijan project 
Amin,Sajeda; Mahmud,Simeen; Huq,Lopita
Publication date: 2002


Skills Training and Beyond: Expanding Livelihood Opportunities for Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Kenya 
Khan,Arjmand Banu; Leonard,Ann
Publication date: 2002


Assessing the impact of garment work on quality of life measures 
Hewett,Paul C.; Amin,Sajeda; Sen,Binayak
from Growth of the Garment Industry in Bangladesh: Economic and Social Dimensions, pp. 145-171
Publication date: 2001


Etude exploratoire du vécu des adolescentes mariées et de leurs besoins en opportunités économiques et en santé de la reproduction à Louga et Saint-Louis [Exploratory study of married adolescent life experiences, their need for economic opportunities, and reproductive health needs on Louga and Saint-Louis] 
Diop,Nafissatou J.
Publication date: 2001


Integrating adolescent livelihood activities within a reproductive health program for urban slum dwellers in India (PDF
Huntington,Dale; Sebastian,Mary Philip; Sevlam,Nirmala; Mensch,Barbara S.; Hegazi,Sahar
FRONTIERS Update (no. 1)
Publication date: 2001


Savings/credit group formation and change in contraception (abstract
Steele,Fiona; Amin,Sajeda; Naved,Ruchira T.
Demography 38(2): 267-282
Publication date: 2001


The effects of migration and work on marriage of female garment workers in Bangladesh (abstract
Naved,Ruchira T.; Newby,Margaret; Amin,Sajeda
International Journal of Population Geography 7(2): 91-104
Publication date: 2001


Trafficking and human rights in Nepal: Community perceptions and policy and program responses (PDF
Daly,Celine; Mahendra,Vaishali Sharma; Bhattarai,Pankaja; Langton,Nick; Sanghera,Jyoti; Evans,Catrin; Kapur,Ratna; Dahal,Dill Ram; Crowley,Siobhan
Horizons Research Summary
Publication date: 2001


Women's capabilities and the right to education in Bangladesh (abstract
Arends-Kuenning,Mary; Amin,Sajeda
International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society 15(1): 125-142
Publication date: 2001


Youth Livelihood Opportunities in Egypt (PDF
El-Kogali,Safaa; Al Bassusi,Nagah Hassan
Publication date: 2001


A participatory evaluation of the life-skills training programme in Myanmar (PDF
UNICEF; Population Council
Publication date: 2000


Adolescent Girls' Livelihoods. Essential Questions, Essential Tools: A Report on a Workshop (PDF
Meyers,Carey
Publication date: 2000


Adolescent Girls' Livelihoods. Essential Questions, Essential Tools: A Report on a Workshop [Arabic] (PDF
Meyers,Carey
Publication date: 2000


Controlling earned income and savings opportunities: A right for all--A revolution for young working women 
Bruce,Judith
Global Alliance for Workers and Communities Progress Report 1(3): 6-7
Publication date: 2000


Gender and generation in household labor supply in Jordan (PDF
Kawar,Mary
West Asia and North Africa Regional Paper (no. 43)
Publication date: 2000


Gender and generation in household labor supply in Jordan [Arabic] (PDF
Kawar,Mary
West Asia and North Africa Regional Paper (no. 43)
Publication date: 2000


Greater investments in children through women's empowerment: A key to demographic change in Pakistan? (PDF
Durrant,Valerie L.; Sathar,Zeba A.
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 137)
Publication date: 2000


Investments in Children's Education and Family-Building Behavior in Pakistan: Findings from Rural NWFP and Punjab 
Sathar,Zeba A.; Lloyd,Cynthia B.; ul Haque,Minhaj
Publication date: 2000


Socialization to gender roles and marriage among Egyptian adolescents (PDF
Mensch,Barbara S.; Ibrahim,Barbara L.; Lee,Susan M.; El-Gibaly,Omaima
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 140)
Publication date: 2000


Women street vendors: The road to recognition (PDF
Cohen,Monique
SEEDS (no. 20)
Publication date: 2000


Access to the media: A secondary analysis of the study of knowledge, attitudes and behaviour for communication on HIV/AIDS in Myanmar 
Gardner,Michelle; Oo,Thazin; Nyung,Myo Zin; Elias,Christopher J.
Publication date: 1999


Does microcredit reach the poor and vulnerable? Evidence from northern Bangladesh 
Amin,Sajeda; Ashok,S.Rai; Topa,Giorgio
Working Paper (no. 28)
Publication date: 1999


Investing in the future. Literacy and life skills for girls. RUWSEC, Tamil Nadu 
Adolescents in Transition. Programmes and Practices in India
Publication date: 1999


Let a hundred flowers bloom. Education and livelihood programmes for girls. ADITHI, Bihar 
Subramanian,Sangeeta
Adolescents in Transition. Programmes and Practices in India
Publication date: 1999


Premarital sex and school dropout in Kenya: Can schools make a difference? (PDF
Mensch,Barbara S.; Clark,Wesley H.; Lloyd,Cynthia B.; Erulkar,Annabel S.
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 124)
Publication date: 1999


The changing nature of adolescence in the Kassena-Nankana District of northern Ghana (abstract) (PDF
Mensch,Barbara S.; Bagah,Daniel; Clark,Wesley H.; Binka,Fred N.
Studies in Family Planning 30(2): 95-111
Publication date: 1999


The decline of female circumcision in Egypt: Evidence and interpretation (PDF
El-Gibaly,Omaima; Ibrahim,Barbara L.; Mensch,Barbara S.; Clark,Wesley H.
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 132)
Publication date: 1999


Unfulfilled Promises: Women's Rights in Egypt (PDF
Guenena,Nemat; Wassef,Nadia
Publication date: 1999


Adolescent livelihoods programmes in India: A preliminary review 
Sebstad,Jennefer; Singh,Sagri
Publication date: 1998


Household headship among married women: The roles of economic power, education and convention (abstract
Biddlecom,Ann E.; Kramarow,Ellen A.
Journal of Family and Economic Issues 19(4): 367-382
Publication date: 1998


The impact of an integrated micro-credit programme on women's empowerment and fertility behavior in rural Bangladesh (PDF
Steele,Fiona; Amin,Sajeda; Naved,Ruchira T.
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 115)
Publication date: 1998


Transition to adulthood of female garment-factory workers in Bangladesh (abstract) (PDF
Amin,Sajeda; Diamond,Ian; Naved,Ruchira T.; Newby,Margaret
Studies in Family Planning 29(2): 185-200
Publication date: 1998


Women's lives and rapid fertility decline: Some lessons from Bangladesh and Egypt (PDF
Amin,Sajeda; Lloyd,Cynthia B.
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 117)
Publication date: 1998


Work, Health and Contraception from Women's Perspective 
Khan,Mohammed Ejaz
Publication date: 1998


Empowering the next generation: Girls of the Maqattam garbage settlement (PDF
Assaad,Marie; Bruce,Judith
SEEDS (no. 19)
Publication date: 1997


Empowering the next generation: Girls of the Maqattam garbage settlement [Arabic] (PDF
Assaad,Marie; Bruce,Judith
SEEDS (no. 19)
Publication date: 1997


Transition to adulthood of female factory workers: Some evidence from Bangladesh (PDF
Amin,Sajeda; Diamond,Ian; Naved,Ruchira T.; Ne,Margaret
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 102)
Publication date: 1997


Out of the shadows: Homebased workers organize for international recognition (PDF
Jhabvala,Renana; Tate,Jane
SEEDS (no. 18)
Publication date: 1996


The unfinished transition 
Population Council Issues Paper (no. 3)
Publication date: 1996


Work patterns in rural Pakistan: Intersections between gender, family, and class 
Sathar,Zeba A.; Desai,Sonalde
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 90)
Publication date: 1996


Psychosocial and situational factors in early breastfeeding termination among educated mothers in Bahrain 
Horsley,Kathryn
West Asia & North Africa Regional Paper (no. 41)
Publication date: 1995


Supporting women farmers in the green zones of Mozambique (PDF
Ayisi,Ruth Ansah
SEEDS (no. 17)
Publication date: 1995


The poverty-purdah trap in rural Bangladesh: Implications for women's roles in the family 
Amin,Sajeda
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 75)
Publication date: 1995


Early Marriage and Reproduction in Two Egyptian Villages 
El Hamamsy,Laila
Occasional Paper
Publication date: 1994


Health and equity: Refocusing on basic needs and livelihood strategies 
Desai,Sonalde
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 56)
Publication date: 1993


Self-employment as a means to women's economic self-sufficiency: Women Venture's business development program (PDF
McKee,Katharine; Gould,Sara; Leonard,Ann
SEEDS (no. 15)
Publication date: 1993


Abriendo nuevos zurcos: Apoyando a las agricultoras en el oeste de Zambia 
Jiggins,Janice; Maimbo,Paul; Masona,Mary
SEEDS (no. 14)
Publication date: 1992


Breaking new ground: Reaching out to women farmers in western Zambia (PDF
Jiggins,Janice; Maimbo,Paul; Masona,Mary
SEEDS (no. 14)
Publication date: 1992


El cuidado infantil: Respuestas a las necesidades de madres que trabajan y sus hijos [Child care: Meeting the needs of working mothers and their children] 
Arnold,Caroline; Mejia,Jorge; Haregot,Aster; Leonard,Ann; Landers,Cassie
SEEDS (no. 13)
Publication date: 1992


Faire oeuvre de pionnier: Atteindre les femmes agriculteurs en Zambie occidentale 
Jiggins,Janice; Maimbo,Paul; Masona,Mary
SEEDS (no. 14)
Publication date: 1992


Maternal employment and changes in family dynamics: The social context of women's work in rural south India 
Desai,Sonalde; Jain,Devaki
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 39)
Publication date: 1992


Child care: Meeting the needs of working mothers and their children (PDF
Arnold,Caroline; Mejia,Jorge; Haregot,Aster; Leonard,Ann; Landers,Cassie
SEEDS (no. 13)
Publication date: 1991


El papel de las mujeres en la conservación de los bosques del Nepal 
Molnar,Augusta; Leonard,Ann
SEEDS (no. 10)
Publication date: 1991


Women's employment during pregnancy and after the first birth: Occupational characteristics and work commitment 
Desai,Sonalde; Waite,Linda J.
Policy Research Division Working Paper (no. 26)
Publication date: 1991


La conservation des forêts au Népal: Encourager la participation des femmes 
Molnar,Augusta
SEEDS (no. 10)
Publication date: 1990


La Construcción Colectiva para las Mujeres (The Women's Construction Collective): Edificando para el futuro 
McLeod,Ruth; Leonard,Ann
SEEDS (no. 9)
Publication date: 1990


The Muek-lek Women's Dairy Project in Thailand 
Rao,Aruna
SEEDS (no. 12)
Publication date: 1990


The Port Sudan Small Scale Enterprise Program (PDF
Hall,Eve
SEEDS (no. 11)
Publication date: 1988


Forest conservation in Nepal: Encouraging women's participation (PDF
Molnar,Augusta
SEEDS (no. 10)
Publication date: 1987


The Women's Construction Collective: Building for the future 
McLeod,Ruth
SEEDS (no. 9)
Publication date: 1986


Community management of waste recycling: The SIRDO 
Schmink,Marianne
SEEDS (no. 8)
Publication date: 1984


Creación de Empleos Distintos de las Artesanías para las Mujeres de Bangladesh 
Chen,Marty
SEEDS (no. 7)
Publication date: 1984


Créer des emplois pour les femmes dans des activités de production non-artisanales au Bangladesh 
Chen,Marty; Leonard,Ann
SEEDS (no. 7)
Publication date: 1984


Developing non-craft employment for women in Bangladesh 
Chen,Marty
SEEDS (no. 7)
Publication date: 1984


Les coopératives des vendeuses de marché: Accorder crédit aux femmes 
Bruce,Judith
SEEDS (no. 3)
Publication date: 1984


Hanover Street: Un experimento de capacitacion femenina en soladadura y carpinteria 
Antrobus,Peggy; Rogers,Barbara
SEEDS (no. 2)
Publication date: 1983


La Coopérative de Markala: Une nouvelle approche des rôles economiques traditionnaux 
Daughman,Susan; Thiam,Mariam N'Diaye; Leonard,Ann
SEEDS (no. 5)
Publication date: 1983


Les femmes et l'Artisanat: Mythe et réalité 
Dhamija,Jasleen
SEEDS (no. 4)
Publication date: 1983


Mujeres y artesanías: Mito y realidad 
Dhamija,Jasleen; Leonard,Ann
SEEDS (no. 4)
Publication date: 1983


Cooperativas de vendedoras de los mercados: Dan préstamos a las mujeres 
Bruce,Judith
SEEDS (no. 3)
Publication date: 1982


Market women's cooperatives: Giving women credit 
Bruce,Judith
SEEDS (no. 3)
Publication date: 1982


The Markala Cooperative: A new approach to traditional economic roles 
Daughman,Susan; Thiam,Mariam N'Diaye
SEEDS (no. 5)
Publication date: 1982


Women and handicrafts: Myth and reality 
Dhamija,Jasleen
SEEDS (no. 4)
Publication date: 1981


Hanover Street: An experiment to train women in welding and carpentry 
Antrobus,Peggy; Rogers,Barbara
SEEDS (no. 2)
Publication date: 1980


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